Church legislation of the Albanians was reformed by Clement XI, who convoked a general ecclesiastical visitation, held in 1763 by the Archbishop of Antivari, by the end of which a national synod was held. ‘’Historical Studies’’ (in Albanian). [36] Post-Byzantine architectural style is prevalent in the region, e.g. Nevertheless, there were specific local cases: in Vlora and the surrounding region, the Christians converted en masse once the area was recaptured from the Christian forces in 1590, because they feared violent retribution for their collaboration. [110], In the 2011 census, 56% of Albanians declared themselves to be Muslims, making Islam the largest religion in the country. Table: "Population Distribution of Major Beliefs" (Nonreligious 74.00%) –. ... Denne side blev senest ændret den 18. december 2020 kl. ‘’Besimet Fetare në Prefekturen e Elbasanit’’. [92], Albanian national revivalists in the 19th century such as Faik Konica, Jani Vreto and Zef Jubani were often anti-clerical in rhetoric (Konica said in 1897: "Every faith religion makes me puke", or Albanian: Më vjen për të vjellur nga çdo fe),[93] but the first advocate of atheism in modern Albania is thought to have been Ismet Toto, a publicist and revolutionary[94] whose 1934 anti-religious polemic, Grindje me klerin, was one of the first known works advocating against the practice of religion itself in the Albanian language. "Aspects of Islamization in Çamëri". The Latin Rite is by far the largest, making up about 98% of Catholic membership. Soon Alexander Thomson, a Scottish missionary, joined the Society and visited Albania in 1863. Alawites are a closed, secretive religious group who assert they are Shia Muslims, although outside scholars speculate their beliefs may have a syncretic mix with other faiths originating in the Middle East. But the majority of Albanians live and are citizens of nations outside of Albania. –, Goring, Rosemary (ed). 21.11.2020 14:25 Uhr Wildes Albanien Im Land der Adler | hr-fernsehen Later on, in the 19th century, when the process of Islamization had halted in most of the Balkans and some Balkan Christian peoples like Greeks and Serbs had already claimed independence, Islamization continued to make significant progress in Albania, especially in the South. [1][2], Albania is constitutionally a secular state since 1967, and as such, "neutral in questions of belief and conscience":[3] The former Communist government declared Albania as the world's first and only "Atheist state". Of the remaining mystical orders in Albania besides the Bektashi, there are those that associate with the mainline Sunni establishment, as well as those who feel themselves to be distant from both the Sunnis and Bektashis, and in terms of organization have oscillated between association with the Sunni establishment, with the Bektashis, and as their own independent organization. Saint Eleutherius (not to be confused with the later Saint-Pope) was bishop of Messina and Illyria. In 1208, a Catholic archdeacon was elected for the archbishopric of Durrës. ‘’Albanian Identities’’. Albanien religion. Definition: This entry is an ordered listing of religions by adherents starting with the largest group and sometimes includes the percent of total population. This four-way division of Albanians between Sunnis (who became either a plurality or a majority), Orthodox, Bektashis and Catholics, with the later emergence of Albanian Uniates, Protestants and atheists, prevented Albanian nationalism as it emerged from tying itself to any particular faith, instead promoting harmony between the different confessions and using the shared Albanian language, Albanian history and Albanian ethnic customs as unifying themes. Metropolitan Theofan Fan Noli established the Albanian Orthodox Mission under the American diocese. One notable Martyr was Saint Astius, who was Bishop of Dyrrachium, who was crucified during the persecution of Christians by the Roman Emperor Trajan. The majority of Albanian Muslims are Sunnis with a significant Bektashi Shia minority. The self declared atheist population has been given figures ranging from 2.5%[89] to 8%[90] to 9%[91] while other estimates of irreligiosity have reported figures of 39% declaring as "atheists"(9%) or "nonreligious"(30%),[91] 61% not saying religion was "important" to their lives,[91] and 72% "non-practicing". Im Jahr 2018 lag die Kindersterblichkeit in Albanien bei rund 0,88 Prozent. Sikhism emphasizes equality of humankind and disavows caste, class, or gender discrimination. RELIGIONE CATTOLICA Anno Scolastico: 2019/2020 Insegnante: Tarozzi Silvia. Three ethnic groups, Albanians, Greeks, and Aromanians, account for the vast majority of Albania's Orthodox believers. Albanien und seine Künstler Das auf eine sehr wechselvolle Geschichte zurückblickende Albanien erhielt 1912 seine Unabhängigkeit und zeigt sich heute als parlamentarische Republik. Maggiori dettagli . There is also a relatively small minority which belongs to the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. Baha'i revelation contends the prophets of major world religions reflect some truth or element of the divine, believes all were manifestations of God given to specific communities in specific times, and that Baha'u'llah is an additional prophet meant to call all humankind. The monastery of the Franciscan order in Shkodër was set on fire, which resulted in the death of four elderly monks. Religious observance and practice is generally lax today, and polls have shown that, compared to the populations of other countries, few Albanians consider religion to be a dominant factor in their lives. November 2020: Unabhängigkeitstag ; 29. Den albanska befolkningen har ökat fyra till fem gånger snabbare än det årliga snittet i de övriga europeiska länderna. Denna flagga användes redan på 1400-talet av frihetshjälten Skanderbeg. Little is known about how they spread to the Balkans, but in the Balkans they became known as the "howling dervishes" because of ritual practices including piercing of lips and cheeks, eating of glass and burning of skin. "We are no longer Muslim, Orthodox, Catholic, we are all Albanians." [126], Religiosity in Albania | Gazeta Mapo", "Mediat italiane: Saimir Pirgu si në përrallë, nga Shqipëria në operat e mëdha - Shqiptarja.com", "Debati për veshjen islame, Diana Çuli: Fetë monoteiste diskriminojnë gratë - Tirana Post", "Elton Deda: Nuk besoj në zot, pasi nuk ka zot", "Replikë absurdit të Fatos Tarifës: "A na duhet më Feja"?! The Bektashi order was banned throughout the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826. Only 56% of Albania is Muslim a big part of whom are just born that way and have no interest in religion. ‘’History of the Balkans.’’ Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Albania differs from other regions in the Balkans in that the peak of Islamization in Albania occurred much later: 16th century Ottoman census data showed that sanjaks where Albanians lived remained overwhelmingly Christian with Muslims making up no more than 5% in most areas (Ohrid 1.9%, Shkodra 4.5%, Elbasan 5.5%, Vlora 1.8%, Dukagjin 0%) while during this period Muslims had already risen to large proportions in Bosnia (Bosnia 46%, Herzegovina 43%, urban Sarajevo 100%), Northern Greece (Trikala 17.5%), Macedonia (Skopje and Bitola both at 75%) and Eastern Bulgaria (Silistra 72%, Chirmen 88%, Nikopol 22%). Judaism - One of the first known monotheistic religions, likely dating to between 2000-1500 B.C., Judaism is the native faith of the Jewish people, based upon the belief in a covenant of responsibility between a sole omnipotent creator God and Abraham, the patriarch of Judaism's Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh. Several schools and sects of Buddhism exist, differing often on the nature of the Buddha, the extent to which enlightenment can be achieved - for one or for all, and by whom - religious orders or laity. Modern Judaism has three basic categories of faith: Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform/Liberal. [133] Additionally, the preliminary results released seemed to give widely different results, with 70% of respondents refusing to declare belief in any of the listed faiths,[144][145] compared with only 16% of atheists and undeclared in the final results. The largest minorities are Vlachs; Greeks, concentrated mainly in the southeast; and Macedonians, living along the eastern border. Divine revelation of principles and prohibitions in the Hebrew Scriptures form the basis of Jewish law, or halakhah, which is a key component of the faith. A delegation from Denmark got its protest over Albania's violation of religious liberty placed on the agenda of the thirty-ninth meeting of the commission, item 25, reading, "Implementation of the Declaration on the Elimination of all Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination based on Religion or Belief." Considering that identity during the Ottoman centuries was defined primarily by religious affiliations, such questions in the post-Ottoman period loomed large in the burgeoning national and cultural identities. There were some reported cases where workers filled out the questionnaire about religion without even asking the participants or that the workers used pencils which were not allowed. Shamanistic beliefs are organized around a shaman or medicine man who - as an intermediary between the human and spirit world - is believed to be able to heal the sick (by healing their souls), communicate with the spirit world, and help souls into the afterlife through the practice of entering a trance. There is a significant number of private and public well dispersed in … The Archbishopric of Durrës, one of the primary bishoprics in Albania had initially remained under the authority of Eastern Church after the split despite continuous, but fruitless efforts from the Roman church to convert it to the Latin rite. (2016 Barem-WIN/ Gallup International)[127], In the European Values Survey in 2008, Albania had the highest unbelief in life after death among all other countries, with 74.3% not believing in it.[128]. Laut dem Ranking 2020 hat sich die Situation in der Welt insgesamt verschlechtert. Published Strasbourg 4 June 2012. It is primarily a form of polytheistic shamanism, but includes elements of animism and ancestor worship. [140], According to the Council of Europe ("Third Opinion of the Council of Europe on Albania adopted 23.11.2011,") the results of the census "should be viewed with the utmost caution and calls on the authorities not to rely exclusively on the data on nationality collected during the census in determining its policy on the protection of national minorities. [132] The districts of Lushnja and Fieri (comprising the historic region of Myzeqe), which are far from any international borders and have an overwhelmingly ethnic Albanian population (except for a few Vlachs and Roma), were historically around 55% and 65% Orthodox historically,[138] reported figures roughly were a factor of five times lower. Artister og sange; DMGP 2019; Interviews; Rainbow News. During the communist dictatorship of Enver Hoxha, the Socialist People's Republic of Albania banned all religions, including Judaism, in adherence to the doctrine of state atheism. The Bektashi order was widespread in the Ottoman Empire, with most leading Bektashi babas from southern Albania. Religion in Albanien Vom Atheismus zum Islamismus . He has raised questions in regard to the reliability of the process which, he said, has implications for the rights of religious minorities and religious freedoms guaranteed in the country's constitution. Albanien - Nachrichten und Information: An 365 Tagen im Jahr, rund um die Uhr aktualisiert, die wichtigsten News auf tagesschau.de Many Albanians embraced Islam in different ways. Prior to the end of World War II, Shinto was the state religion of Japan, and bolstered the cult of the Japanese emperor. [59], The Albanian Orthodox hierarchy also acquiesced in the occupation, according to Fischer. However, this division is not strict, particularly in many urban centers, which have mixed populations. Believers faced harsh punishments, and many clergymen were killed. Neither in government nor in the school system should favor be shown to any one faith over another. At the end of the Ottoman period, Sunni Islam held a slight majority (or plurality) in the Albanian territories. In Moscopole there were over 23 churches during the city's period of prosperity in the mid 18th century. Liste over religiøse befolkningsgrupper i Albanien Trafiklys: I 1995 nægtede bilisterne i byen Shkodra at betale en nyligt indført afgift for trafiklys, fordi der ikke var nogle trafiklys i byen Ja og nej: Når albanere nikker, betyder det ’nej’, og når de ryster på hovedet, betyder det ’ja’ – dvs. Druze faith: A highly secretive tradition and a closed community that derives from the Ismaili sect of Islam; its core beliefs are thought to emphasize a combination of Gnostic principles believing that the Fatimid caliph, al-Hakin, is the one who embodies the key aspects of goodness of the universe, which are, the intellect, the word, the soul, the preceder, and the follower. Christianity - Descending from Judaism, Christianity's central belief maintains Jesus of Nazareth is the promised messiah of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that his life, death, and resurrection are salvific for the world. Tveit expressed this concern in letters issued at the beginning of May to the WCC president Archbishop Anastasios, to Prof. Dr Heiner Bielefeldt, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, and to the Albanian government. During the early years of the 20th century some Rufai tekkes became Bektashi. Émigré clergymen were permitted to reenter the country in 1988 and officiate at religious services. Between 1945 and 1953, the number of priests was reduced drastically and the number of Roman Catholic churches was decreased from 253 to 100, and all Catholics were stigmatized as fascists. 581–584. If you see anything which is no longer correct or if you have something to add, please let me know via Instagram. Våra resor till Albanien tar dig till ett spännande nytt turistland med stränder, sevärdheter, grön natur och billiga restauranger. The Albanian Orthodox Church refused to recognize the results, saying they had drastically underrepresented the number of Orthodox Christians and noted various indications of this and ways in which it may have occurred. Albaniens befolkningstal var i juli 2007 på ca. However, things changed after the fall of Byzantine Empire in 1204. It emphasizes compassion for all living things, seeks liberation of the human soul from reincarnation through enlightenment, and values personal responsibility due to the belief in the immediate consequences of one's behavior. Most Hindus believe the soul, or atman, is eternal, and goes through a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara) determined by one's positive or negative karma, or the consequences of one's actions. Successivo Precedente. Traditional beliefs Animism: the belief that non-human entities contain souls or spirits. 34, 07 prill 2011. Page 8-11, Schmitt, Oliver Jens. Its sacred texts include the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament (or the Christian Gospels). Buddhism - Religion or philosophy inspired by the 5th century B.C. Albanien var det sidste land i Europa, som opgav kommunismen i 1991, da det kommunistiske styre blev opløst efter næsten 50 år. [citation needed]. Ortodokse Jul Tirsdag, Januar 7 2020-01-07. Albania Tourism: Tripadvisor has 155,683 reviews of Albania Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Albania resource. Zhelyazkova, Antonina. Dazu Gedenktage, Ruhetage, religiöse Feste, Nationalfeiertag, Ferien sowie landesweite und regionale Bräuche. Arno E (1935). [42] Further south, progress was slower. Christianity spread to urban centers in the region of Albania, at the time composed mostly Epirus Nova and part of south Illyricum, during the later period of Roman invasion and reached the region relatively early. London: C. Hurst & co., 1975. Local communities have their own religious leadership. Mai 2020: Lesser Bairam (Ende des Ramadan) 31. [119], Interfaith marriages between Muslims and Christians are held to be "common" and "unremarkable" in Albania with little social repercussion, although there is little statistical data on their prevalence. "He loves his country." Then there follows in poetic form, "But man himself, what does he love in life?" During the 17th and 18th centuries Albanians converted to Islam in large numbers, often under sociopolitical duress experienced as repercussions for rebelling and for supporting the Catholic powers of Venice and Austria and Orthodox Russia in their wars against the Ottomans.[73][74]. [62], A major center for anti-religious propaganda was the National Museum of Atheism (Albanian: Muzeu Ateist) in Shkodër, the city viewed by the government as the most religiously conservative. Juli 2020: Großer Bajram (Opferfest) 19. Bevölkerung und Religion. They believe that a Kingdom of God, the Theocracy, will emerge following Armageddon and usher in a new earthly society.
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